psy_commando

General Information This page contains data on the Pokémon Mystery Dungeon: Gates to Infinity game. File Structure Script Engine Details The Script engine of PMD:GTI uses compiled lua 5.1 scripts. List of all function, objects, and globals : Here File/Data Formats Container Format BIN(FARC) Image Data IMG Game Strings BIN(GameStrings) Script Engine Formats LUA Files with Unique Formats External Resources

General Information The SMDL format is a container for sequenced music. Its very close to the MIDI format, similarly to the SSEQ format normally used in most NDS games. File Structure Overview Offset Length Name Description 0x0 64 SMDLHeader The container's header. 0x40 64 Song Chunk Information on the entire sequence. After Song Chunk Varies Trk Chunk The first Track of the sequence. Its role is to set the tempo. ..Additional tracks here.. After all Track Chunks 16 End of Content Chunk This empty chunk marks the end of the SMDL container. SMDL Header Total length 64 bytes Offset Length Type Name Description 0x00 4 char[4] magicn The 4 characters "smdl" {0x73,0x6D,0x64,0x6C} 0x04 4 - unk7 4 bytes of zeroes. 0x08 4 uint32 flen File length in bytes. 0x0C 2 uint16 version? Version number? ( 0x1504 ) 0x0E 1 uint8 unk1 Unknown. 0x0F 1 uint8 unk2 Unknown. 0x10 4 - unk3 4 bytes of zeroes. 0x14 4 - unk4 4 bytes of zeroes. 0x18 2 uint16 year Year the file was last modified. 0x1A 1 uint8 month Month the file was last modified. 0x1B 1 uint8 day Day the file was last modified. 0x1C 1 uint8 hour Hour the file was last modified. 0x1D 1 uint8 minute Minute the file was last modified. 0x1E 1 uint8 second Second the file was last modified. 0x1F 1 uint8 centisecond? Could possibly be the centisecond that the file was last modified. 0x20 16 char[16] fname Filename, ASCII null terminated string. Any extra space after the 0 on the total 16 bytes, is padded with 0xAA. 0x30 4 uint32 unk5 Unknown, usually 0x1. 0x34 4 uint32 unk6 Unknown, usually 0x1. 0x38 4 uint32 unk8 Unknown, usually 0xFFFFFFFF. 0x3C 4 uint32 unk9 Unknown, usually 0xFFFFFFFF. Song Chunk The song chunk is made of a single header. Song Chunk Header ( Total length 64 bytes ) Offset Length Type Name Description 0x00 4 char[4] label Song chunk label "song" {0x73,0x6F,0x6E,0x67} 0x04 4 uint32 unk1 Unknown. Usually 0x1. 0x08 4 uint32 unk2 Unknown. Usually 0xFF10. 0x0C 4 uint32 unk3 Unknown. Usually 0xFFFFFFB0. 0x10 2 uint16 unk4 Unknown. Usually 0x1. 0x12 2 uint16 tpqn Ticks Per Quarter Note? Usually 0x30 or 48 ticks per quarter note. (Works like MIDI clock ticks it seems.) Or possibly just the tick rate.. 0x14 2 uint16 unk5 Unknown. Usually 0xFF01 0x16 1 uint8 nbtrks Number of track(trk) chunks 0x17 1 uint8 nbchans Number of channels. (Unsure how channels works with DSE) 0x18 4 uint32 unk6 Unknown. Usually 0x0F000000 0x1C 4 uint32 unk7 Unknown. Usually 0xFFFFFFFF 0x20 4 uint32 unk8 Unknown. Usually 0x40000000 0x24 4 uint32 unk9 Unknown. Usually 0x00404000 0x28 2 uint16 unk10 Unknown. Usually 0x0200 0x2A 2 uint16 unk11 Unknown. Usually 0x0800 0x2C 4 uint21 unk12 Unknown. Usually 0xFFFFFF00 0x30 16 - unkpad Unknown sequence of 16, 0xFF bytes. Possibly padding? Trk Chunk Track chunks contain the events for each individual tracks of the music sequence. They work much like MIDI tracks. Header Offset Length Type Name Description 0x00 4 char[4] label Track chunk label "trk\0x20" {0x74,0x72,0x6B,0x20} 0x04 4 uint32 param1 Unknown. Usually 0x01000000. 0x08 4 uint32 param2 Unknown. Usually 0x0000FF04. 0x0C 4 uint32 chunklen Length of the trk chunk. Starting after this field, to the first 0x98 event encountered in the track. The length is in bytes. The content begins immediately after the header! Preamble Each tracks has a short preamble after the header, and before the actual events. That preamble indicates the channel and the track id assigned to the track. Offset Length Type Name Description 0x00 1 uint8 trkid The track ID of the track. A number between 0 and 0x11. 0x01 1 uint8 chanid The channel ID of the track. A number between 0 and 0x0F?. 0x02 1 uint8 unk1 Unknown. Often 0. 0x03 1 uint8 unk2 Unknown. Often 0. Events All tracks must have a 0x98 event at their end. And the size of a track is counted up to that event, ignoring the padding bytes. Events themselves are not aligned on 4 bytes. Offset Length Type Name Description After Preamble varies - events Track events begin here. After Events 0-3 - Padding Padding to align the end of the track on 4 bytes. The value is usually the terminating 0x98 byte repeated as needed, up to 3 extra times. Example Here's an example "Events" section (it does not include the preamble and header): E3 73 A4 82 93 E0 1F 98 It ends on an offset divisible by 4, so there is only a single 0x98 event at the end. Here's what would happen if we'd add an extra events. Lets copy the 0xE3 event and its parameter once: E3 73 E3 73 A4 82 93 E0 1F 98 98 98 ..we needed to add 2 extra 0x98 events to make the track end on an offset divisible by 4! Eoc Chunk The EoC chunk marks the end of the SMDL file/container. Total length 16 bytes Offset Length Type Name Description 0x0 4 - ChunkID The chunk ID "eoc\0x20" {0x65, 0x6F, 0x63, 0x20} 0x4 4 uint32 Param1 Unknown meaning, is often 0x00000001. 0x8 4 uint32 Param2 Unknown meaning, is often 0x04FF0000. 0xC 4 uint32 Length Always 0, for end of content chunks. DSE Events Tracks are filled with events. Each event starts by a single byte containing a code, which indicates to the sequencer what to do. Their value ranges from 0x0 to 0xFF. Values from 0x0 to 0x7F are reserved for the PlayNote event. Values from 0x80 to 0x8F are reserved for fixed duration pause events. Values from 0x90 to 0xFF all have their unique event assigned to them. PlayNote(0x0 to 0x7F) The play note event is special in that its format is particular. The event code itself is the velocity(0x0 - 0x7F) of the note to be played. The first parameter byte is obligatory, and it contains info on whether we modify the track's current octave, how many extra parameters are there, and what note to play. The second parameter is optional, and its length varies depending on the length specified in the obligatory parameter. It contains the duration the key is "held down" before being released. Here's a breakdown of the NoteData byte: Bits Name Meaning 1100 0000 NbParamBytes A value from 0 to 3 which indicates the amount of extra parameter bytes that should be read. 0011 0000 OctaveMod A value from 0 to 3 from which 2 is subtracted. The result is a signed value that we add to the track's current octave. 0000 1111 Note The Note that should be played at the track's current octave(after OctaveMod). Note List Value Note Name 0x0 C 0x1 C# 0x2 D 0x3 D# 0x4 E 0x5 F 0x6 F# 0x7 G 0x8 G# 0x9 A 0xA A# 0xB B 0xF Unknown Example Event[edit] Velocity NoteData (Opt)KeyDownDuration 0x7F 0xE5 0x20 0x01 0x10 This event will play the note F, at the current track octave with no modifications, and hold the note for 0x100120 ticks. Fixed Duration Pause(0x80 to 0x8F) The fixed duration pause is a pause event based on the duration of common musical time intervals. Its event code goes from 0x80-0x8F. Here's a table of the possible durations: Code Musical Time Interval Duration in Ticks 0x80 Half Note 96 0x81 Dotted Quarter Note 72 0x82 2/3 of a Half Note (Half Note as part of a triplet?) 64 0x83 Quarter Note 48 0x84 Dotted 8th Note 36 0x85 2/3 of a Quarter Note (Quarter Note as part of a triplet?) 32 0x86 8th Note 24 0x87 Dotted 16th Note 18 0x88 2/3 of a 8th Note (8th Note as part of a triplet?) 16 0x89 16th Note 12 0x8A Dotted 32nd Note 9 0x8B 2/3 of a 16th Note (16th Note as part of a triplet?) 8 0x8C 32nd Note 6 0x8D Dotted 64th Note 4 0x8E 2/3 of a 32nd Note (32th Note as part of a triplet?) 3 0x8F 64th Note 2 Others(0x90 to 0xFF) Here is a list of all known events : Code Parameter Length Parameters Name Description 0x90 0 - RepeatLastPause Pause the track processing for the duration of the last pause.(Includes fixed duration pauses) 0x91 1 (uint8)Duration AddToLastPause Pause the track processing for the duration of the last pause + the duration in ticks specified.(Includes fixed duration pauses) 0x92 1 (uint8)Duration Pause8Bits Pause the track processing for the duration in ticks. 0x93 2 (uint16)Duration Pause16Bits Pause the track processing for the duration in ticks. 0x94 3 (uint24)Duration Pause24Bits Pause the track processing for the duration in ticks. 0x95 1 (uint8)CheckInterval PauseUntilRelease Pause the track processing as long as a note is held down. Will wait for at least "CheckInterval" ticks, then checks every "CheckInterval" ticks if all notes have been released on the current track. 0x96 0 - INVALID Disable current track. 0x97 0 - INVALID Disable current track. 0x98 0 - EndOfTrack Marks the end of the track. Is also used as padding to align the end of the track on 4 bytes. 0x99 0 - LoopPoint Marks the point the track will loop to after the end of track is reached. 0x9A 0 - INVALID Disable current track. 0x9B 0 - INVALID Disable current track. 0x9C 1 ?? ?? ?? 0x9D 0 ?? ?? ?? 0x9E 0 ?? ?? ?? 0x9F 0 - INVALID Disable current track. 0xA0 1 (uint8)Octave SetTrackOctave Sets the current track's octave to the value specified. Valid range is 0 - 9. 0xA1 1 (uint8)Octave AddToTrackOctave Adds the value specified to the current track octave. 0xA2 0 - INVALID Disable current track. 0xA3 0 - INVALID Disable current track. 0xA4 1 (uint8)TempoBPM SetTempo Sets the track's tempo in beats per minute. 0xA5 1 (uint8)TempoBPM SetTempo Sets the track's tempo in beats per minute? (The code is identical to 0xA4) 0xA6 0 - INVALID Disable current track. 0xA7 0 - INVALID Disable current track. 0xA8 2 ?? ?? ?? 0xA9 1 ?? ?? ?? 0xAA 1 ?? ?? ?? 0xAB 0 - SkipNextByte Skips the next byte in the track. 0xAC 1 (uint8)ProgramID SetProgram Change the track's program(Instrument Preset) to the one specified. 0xAD 0 - INVALID Disable current track. 0xAE 0 - INVALID Disable current track. 0xAF 3 ?? ?? ?? 0xB0 0 ?? ?? ?? 0xB1 1 ?? ?? ?? 0xB2 1 ?? ?? ?? 0xB3 1 ?? ?? ?? 0xB4 2 ?? ?? ?? 0xB5 1 ?? ?? ?? 0xB6 1 ?? ?? ?? 0xB7 0 - INVALID Disable current track. 0xB8 0 - INVALID Disable current track. 0xB9 0 - INVALID Disable current track. 0xBA 0 - INVALID Disable current track. 0xBB 0 - INVALID Disable current track. 0xBC 1 ?? ?? ?? 0xBD 0 - INVALID Disable current track. 0xBE 1 ?? ?? ?? 0xBF 1 ?? ?? ?? 0xC0 1 ?? ?? ?? 0xC1 0 - INVALID Disable current track. 0xC2 0 - INVALID Disable current track. 0xC3 1 ?? ?? ?? 0xC4 0 - INVALID Disable current track. 0xC5 0 - INVALID Disable current track. 0xC6 0 - INVALID Disable current track. 0xC7 0 - INVALID Disable current track. 0xC8 0 - INVALID Disable current track. 0xC9 0 - INVALID Disable current track. 0xCA 0 - INVALID Disable current track. 0xCB 0 - SkipNext2Bytes Skip the next 2 bytes in the track. 0xCC 0 - INVALID Disable current track. 0xCD 0 - INVALID Disable current track. 0xCE 0 - INVALID Disable current track. 0xCF 0 - INVALID Disable current track. 0xD0 1 ?? ?? ?? 0xD1 1 ?? ?? ?? 0xD2 1 ?? ?? ?? 0xD3 2 ?? ?? ?? 0xD4 3 ?? ?? ?? 0xD5 2 ?? ?? ?? 0xD6 2 ?? ?? ?? 0xD7 2 (uint16)Bend PitchBend Bend the pitch of the note. 0xD8 2 ?? ?? ?? 0xD9 0 - INVALID Disable current track. 0xDA 0 - INVALID Disable current track. 0xDB 1 ?? ?? ?? 0xDC 5 ?? ?? ?? 0xDD 4 ?? ?? ?? 0xDE 0 - INVALID Disable current track. 0xDF 1 ?? ?? ?? 0xE0 1 (int8)TrackVolume SetTrackVolume Change the track's volume to the value specified. (0x0-0x7F) 0xE1 1 ?? ?? ?? 0xE2 3 ?? ?? ?? 0xE3 1 (int8)TrackExpression SetTrackExpression Change the track's expression(secondary volume) to the value specified. (0x0-0x7F) 0xE4 5 ?? ?? ?? 0xE5 4 ?? ?? ?? 0xE6 0 - INVALID Disable current track. 0xE7 1 ?? ?? ?? 0xE8 1 (int8)Pan SetTrackPan Change the track's pan to the value specified. (0x0-0x7F. 0x40 is middle, 0x0 full left, and 0x7F full right ) 0xE9 1 ?? ?? ?? 0xEA 3 ?? ?? ?? 0xEB 0 - INVALID Disable current track. 0xEC 5 ?? ?? ?? 0xED 4 ?? ?? ?? 0xEE 0 - INVALID Disable current track. 0xEF 1 ?? ?? ?? 0xF0 5 ?? ?? ?? 0xF1 4 ?? ?? ?? 0xF2 2 ?? ?? ?? 0xF3 3 ?? ?? ?? 0xF4 0 - INVALID Disable current track. 0xF5 0 - INVALID Disable current track. 0xF6 1 ?? ?? ?? 0xF7 0 - INVALID Disable current track. 0xF8 0 - SkipNext2Bytes2 Skips the next 2 bytes in the track. 0xF9 0 - INVALID Disable current track. 0xFA 0 - INVALID Disable current track. 0xFB 0 - INVALID Disable current track. 0xFC 0 - INVALID Disable current track. 0xFD 0 - INVALID Disable current track. 0xFE 0 - INVALID Disable current track. 0xFF 0 - INVALID Disable current track. Credits TruePikachu for some of the details on the SMDL format! [1] The unknown Japanese author of the "smd2mid v0.10" utility floating around the web.

General Information The Digital Sound Elements sound driver is an audio engine for games on the Nintendo DS, and Wii. It supports sequenced music and streamed audio. It was used by several games on the NDS including Pokémon Mystery Dungeon : Explorers of Sky/Time/Darkness. This article will focus mainly on the implementation in PMD2 however. Known Versions So far, two versions of the DSE engine have been spotted in NDS games. Version Number Description 0x415 Most common version. Used in all versions of PMD2. 0x402 Much rarer version. Used only in the game Luminous Arc this far. Only the format of SWDL containers seems to differs significantly between versions this far. Inner Workings The sound driver adds a few layers of extra processing over the data fed to the audio registers of the NDS. Memory Structure The system creates 2 chunks in memory, the "mseq", and "mdev" chunks. They're only labeled as such in a few games using DSE, like PMD2. In other games, like Fushigi no Dungeon - Fuurai no Shiren DS 2 and Professor Layton and the Last Specter, the labels are not there in memory. The "mseq" chunk contains a set of sequencer wide variables, like counters and such, along with data structs for holding the state of each tracks during playback. The "mdev" chunk contains a set of channels wide variables, and data structs for every sound channels the driver has. Those structs hold the state for each channels during playback. Apart from this, the smdl and swdl for a track currently playing are copied once to memory. And then the entries in the swdl for samples, and program splits are copied and any overridable properties samples have are overriden by the program split's shared properties, like volume envelope and etc..(See swdl structure) Code Structure (Offsets are from the North American Explorers of Sky game's disassembled game code, not the ROM !!!) The channels state are updated at line 0x0207448C. A loop begins further down. And the track Volume envelopes are updated here: 0x02074E0C The function that updates the sequencer tracks begins at 0x020713E8. The actual loop begins at 02071648. The function that parses DSE events begins at 0x02071224. The table containing the function pointers for all DSE events begins at 0x020B0B90. File/Data Formats The system uses the following formats: swdl : Container for programs/presets data, and optionally sample data, used by the sequencer engine. smdl : Container for sequenced music. sedl : Container for sequenced sound effects, and sound presets/programs. sadl : Container for streamed audio. File Layout Game using DSE can store the various container formats in many different ways. Here are some of the known approaches: PMD2 : There is a main sample bank called bgm.swd, which is referred to by the SWDL files accompanying every SMDL music sequences file. Each SWDL contains only program/presets data, and refers to samples from the main bank. Fushigi no Dungeon - Fuurai no Shiren DS 2 - Sabaku no Majou : Here, the SMDL and SWDL are stored in their own separate folder. They're loaded in pair, just like PMD2, but there is no main bank. Instead sample data is stored within every SWDL. Which result in lots of duplicate samples throughout all SWDL. Zombi Daisuki: This game uses SMDL+SWDL pairs as well, without a main bank. But instead of having the SMDL and SWDL for a single music track stored in their own respective file, they're both stored within a SIR0 container, with the extension ".sd". Professor Layton and the Last Specter: This game works like PMD2, it has a main bank, however, all its SMDL + SWDL pairs are stored within an archive "ll_common.darc". And oddly enough, there are 2 copies of the main bank! One is named "bgm_common.SWD" and is stored outside the "ll_common.darc" archive, while the other is named "BG.SWD" and stored within the archive. External Resources Official Website (in Japanese) [1]